Periodontitis as a risk for oral cancer: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of oral cancer is multifactorial, as various risk factors (genetics, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors) contribute to its development. Data in the literature suggest that people with periodontal disease have an increased risk of developing oral cancer, and the severity of periodontitis correlates with the appearance of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to revise the non-genetic risk factors that may influence the development of OC, while focusing on the dental and periodontal status and OH. METHODS: Two hundred patients (hundred diagnosed with oral cancer and hundred without oral cancer) were enrolled in our case-control study, to evaluate the association between oral cancer and the presence and severity of periodontitis, while examining several risk factors that might be responsible for oral cancer formation. A questionnaire customised for oral cancer patients was used to obtain the socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors that may influence the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The dental and periodontal status along with the level of oral hygiene was recorded quantitatively. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: By considering both the case and the control groups, a significant correlation was found between the incidence of oral cancer and some socioeconomic factors and lifestyle habits, such as the sex, age, education and alcohol consumption of an individual. The mean value of the Silness-Löe plaque index was significantly higher in the case population. The number of completely edentulous patients was higher among the oral cancer population. The incidence of oral cancer was 57.1% in patients with periodontal disease. In comparison, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma was only 28.6% among the patients without periodontitis. Most of the oral cancer patients (72.1%) had stage 4 periodontitis. On the other hand, the vast majority of the control group (51.6%) had stage 2 periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Periodontitis can be an individual risk factor for oral cancer development. Periodontally compromised individuals should be strictly monitored, especially those with severe periodontitis and coexisting lifestyle risk factors. Maintaining their periodontal health in at-risk patients can minimize cancer risks.

A Study of Prognostic Factors in Young Patients With Non-HPV Oral Cancer in Central Europe.

The etiological factors of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck have been well known for a long time. It is also well known that the incidence of oral cancer diagnosed in younger patients is on the rise. Due to the young age of these patients, the increase in the number of these cases and the fact that many of them neither smoke nor drink alcohol it has been suggested that other factors might be at play in the carcinogenesis of oral cancer. Thus, along the classic etiological factors of smoking and alcohol abuse certain molecular marker anomalies and the human papilloma virus (HPV) have emerged as potential factors. The aim of the present study is to verify the potential prognostic factors and to map the differences in biomarker expression between the young and the old patient groups. In the present study the immunohistochemical profile of samples obtained from oral squamous cell carcinomas was studied and compared with various clinico-pathological parameters. In 88 samples the expressions of p16, p53, Ki67, EGFR were studied with a tissue microarray technique under standard reaction conditions as well as the detection and typing of HPV infection with the Full Spectrum HPV DNA method. The biomarker expression profile of young patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma was compared to that of older patients (above 50). A significant difference was found between the immunohistochemical profile of the young and old patient groups in p16, Ki67 expression. The overall survival and progression free survival were influenced by p16 expression in young age.

[The prognostic role of age in oral cancer. A clinical study]. / Az életkor jelentõsége malignus szájüregi daganatok prognózisakor. Klinikai vizsgálat.

The problem of malignant tumors developing in a young age is a topic of special importance and subject of intensive research. The occurrence of oral cavity tumors shows a decreasing trend worldwide, while the incidences of oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed at young adulthood is increasing. The etiology of tumors developing in young age is not yet fully understood, however, it can be stated that the usual high-risk behavioral patterns (i.e. smoking and alcohol abuse) play only a minor role in this patient group, if any. Our own observations indicate a higher regional and locoregional relapse for these patients and, although they turn for help early, at an early stage of the disease, a lower chance of survival. The target of our research was to analyze the differences in certain etiological, pathological and clinical parameters of our own patient group consisting of both young and older patients. The data of 105 young (<50 years) and, as a control group, 105 older (>50 years) patients were analyzed. The patients have undergone surgery and, if necessary, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The tumor-specific survival was determined at 36 months. Our study aimed at understanding the relationship between the clinical prognostic factors (stage, localization, anamnestic time), smoking habits, gender and age of the patients. Relationship between cancer occurrence (local, locoregional relapse) and survival rate, as well as age and survival rate were analyzed. We found that young patients report themselves for treatment at an early stage. Smoking and alcohol abuse were considerably less. When a relapse occurs, it occurs more frequently and earlier than at older patients. The most decisive correlation was observed between age and anamnestic time, age and number of cigarettes smoked, age and time elapsed until relapse, as well as age and cancer-specific survival. Moreover, cancer-specific survival of patients younger than 50 years of age was found significantly shorter than in the control group.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma/undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma of the maxillary sinus: report of a case and review of the literature.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) also known as undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (UHPS) is a soft tissue sarcoma, composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors possessed fibrohistiocytic morphology without definite true histiocytic differentiation. Head and neck localization is very rare, showing an incidence ranging from 4 % to 10 % in different series of investigations. The most frequent involved sites in UHPS are the neck and parotid, followed by the scalp, face, anterior skull base and orbit. Upper aerodigestive tract, lateral skull base and ear are rare locations. The incidence of the lymphatic metastases is also rare. The aim of this article is to report a case of UHPS in the maxillary sinus with palatal, orbital and ethmoidal involvement, with lymphatic metastasis and its surgical treatment. In addition, we review the literature of similar cases of the past 12 years.